Muwatta Malik #687
Fasting
The Arabic includes the chain of narration (sanad) and the collector's commentary; the English translation shows the Prophet's words only.
وَحَدَّثَنِي عَنْ مَالِكٍ، عَنِ ابْنِ شِهَابٍ، عَنْ حُمَيْدِ بْنِ عَبْدِ الرَّحْمَنِ بْنِ عَوْفٍ، أَنَّهُ سَمِعَ مُعَاوِيَةَ بْنَ أَبِي سُفْيَانَ، يَوْمَ عَاشُورَاءَ عَامَ حَجَّ وَهُوَ عَلَى الْمِنْبَرِ يَقُولُ يَا أَهْلَ الْمَدِينَةِ أَيْنَ عُلَمَاؤُكُمْ سَمِعْتُ رَسُولَ اللَّهِ صلى الله عليه وسلم يَقُولُ لِهَذَا الْيَوْمِ
" هَذَا يَوْمُ عَاشُورَاءَ وَلَمْ يُكْتَبْ عَلَيْكُمْ صِيَامُهُ وَأَنَا صَائِمٌ فَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيَصُمْ وَمَنْ شَاءَ فَلْيُفْطِرْ " .
Yahya related to me from Malik from Ibn Shihab that Humayd ibn
Abd ar-Rahman ibn Awf heard Muawiya ibn Abi Sufyan say from the mimbar
on the day of Ashura in the year in which he made the hajj, "People of
Madina, where are your learned men? I heard the Messenger of Allah,
may Allah bless him and grant him peace, say about this day, 'This is
the day of Ashura, and fasting it has not been prescribed for you. I
am fasting it, and whoever of you wants to fast it can do so, and
whoever does not want to, does not have to.' "
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About Muwatta Malik
This hadith is #687 from Muwatta Malik, in the Book of Fasting.