Tafsir Al-Jalalayn: Aal-i-Imraan, Ayah 153
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Tafsir
Then Allah mentioned how they turned their back on the Prophet (pbuh) because of their fear of the enemy, saying: (When ye climbed) the hill after being defeated (and paid no heed to anyone) paid no heed to the Prophet and did not wait for him, (while the messenger) Muhammad, (in your rear, was calling you (to fight)) he was behind you, O group of believers, saying: I am Allah's Messenger, stop and fight! (Therefore He rewarded you grief for (his) grief) in addition to the grief wrought upon you by Khalid Ibn al-Walid, He also inflicted on you the grief of death and defeat, (that (He might teach) you not to sorrow either for that which ye missed) of booty (or for that which befell you) and that you do not sorrow for that which befell you of deaths and injuries. (Allah is Informed of what ye do) in jihad as well as in defeat.
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Al-Jalalayn Commentary
Remember when you were ascending fleeing in the distance not turning around not stopping for anyone and the Messenger was calling you from your rear saying ‘Come to me servants of God this way servants of God!’ so He rewarded you He requited you with grief through defeat for grief ghamman bi-ghamm; the bā’ bi- ‘with’ is said to mean ‘alā ‘for’ because of the grief that you caused the Prophet when you disobeyed his command that is with grief doubled being in addition to the grief of the booty forfeited so that li-kaylā is semantically connected either to ‘afā ‘He has pardoned’ or athābakum ‘He rewarded you’; the lā of kay-lā is thus extra you might not grieve for what escaped you of booty neither for what befell you of being slain and of defeat; and God is aware of what you do.