Tafsir Al-Jalalayn: Ar-Room, Ayah 36
وَإِذَآ أَذَقْنَا ٱلنَّاسَ رَحْمَةًۭ فَرِحُوا۟ بِهَا ۖ وَإِن تُصِبْهُمْ سَيِّئَةٌۢ بِمَا قَدَّمَتْ أَيْدِيهِمْ إِذَا هُمْ يَقْنَطُونَ
And when We let the people taste mercy, they rejoice therein, but if evil afflicts them for what their hands have put forth, immediately they despair.
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(And when We cause mankind) the disbelievers of Mecca (to taste of mercy) bounty (they rejoice therein) without giving thanks for it; (but if an evil thing) hardship, tightness, drought or sickness (befall them as the consequence of their own deeds) which they did in their state of idolatry, (lo! they are in despair) they despair from the mercy of Allah, and fail to withstand it!
Al-Jalalayn Commentary
And when We let people that is people such as the disbelievers of Mecca and others taste some mercy some grace they exult in it an exultation of arrogance. But if some evil some hardship befalls them for what their own hands have sent ahead behold! they despair of mercy. It is in the nature of a believer to give thanks in times of grace and to hope for mercy from his Lord in times of hardship.