Tafsir Al-Jalalayn: Az-Zumar, Ayah 49
فَإِذَا مَسَّ ٱلْإِنسَٰنَ ضُرٌّۭ دَعَانَا ثُمَّ إِذَا خَوَّلْنَٰهُ نِعْمَةًۭ مِّنَّا قَالَ إِنَّمَآ أُوتِيتُهُۥ عَلَىٰ عِلْمٍۭ ۚ بَلْ هِىَ فِتْنَةٌۭ وَلَٰكِنَّ أَكْثَرَهُمْ لَا يَعْلَمُونَ
And when adversity touches man, he calls upon Us; then when We bestow on him a favor from Us, he says, "I have only been given it because of [my] knowledge." Rather, it is a trial, but most of them do not know.
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(Now when hurt) hardship (toucheth a man) the disbelieving man (he crieth unto Us) to remove the hardship from him, (and afterward when We have granted him) then when We have substituted it for him into (a boon from Us, he saith: Only by force of knowledge I obtained it) I obtained this wealth only because Allah knows I am righteous and good. (Nay, but it is a test) it is a trial and plot against them. (But most of them) all of them (know not) this.
Al-Jalalayn Commentary
So when some distress befalls man al-insān here a generic he supplicates Us. Then when We bestow on him a grace from Us he says ‘I was given it merely by force of knowledge’ from God that I was deserving of it. Nay but it this saying is a trial a test by which servants are tested. But most of them do not know that such bestowal of grace is a way of drawing them on and a test of their faith.