Tafsir Al-Jalalayn: An-Nisaa, Ayah 141
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Tafsir
Allah then explained who these people are, saying: (Those who wait upon occasion in regard to you) those who lay in wait for hardship and the turn of events to befall you (and, if a victory) triumph and booty (cometh unto you from Allah, say) i.e. the hypocrites say to the sincere believers: (Are we not with you?) are we not following the same religion? Give us then of the booty, (and if the disbelievers) the Jews (meet with a success) fortune turn in their favour (say: Had we not the mastery of you) did we not divulge, and inform you about, the secrets of Muhammad, (and did we not protect you from the believers?) and did we not protect you from fighting the believers and informed you about them (Allah will judge between you) O congregation of Jews and hypocrites (at the Day of Resurrection, and Allah will not give the disbelievers) the Jews (any way (of success) against the believers) He will not always let fortune turn in favour of the Jews to the detriment of the believers.
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Al-Jalalayn Commentary
Those who alladhīna substitutes for the previous alladhīna of verse 139 wait in watch for you hoping for misfortunes to befall you and if a victory such as a conquest or booty comes to you from God say to you ‘Were we not with you?’ in religion and in the struggle? So give us from the booty; but if the disbelievers have some luck by gaining a victory over you they say to them ‘Did we not gain mastery authority over you capable of capturing you and slaying you but we spared you and did we not defend you against the believers?’ lest they be victorious over you by forsaking them and apprising you of their plans and thus have we not done you a favour? God exalted be He says God will judge between you and them on the Day of Resurrection admitting you into Paradise and them into the Fire; and God will never grant the disbelievers a way a means to success over the believers by annihilating them.