Tafsir Al-Jalalayn: Al-Fath, Ayah 25
Common Words
Other Scholars on This Ayah
Tafsir
(These it was who disbelieved) in Muhammad (pbuh) and the Qur'an, i.e. the people of Mecca (and debarred you from the Inviolable Place of Worship) and prevented you from the Inviolable Place of Worship on the year of al-Hudaybiyyah, (and debarred the offering from reaching its goal) and prevented your sacrifices from reaching the place where they were to be sacrificed. (And if it had not been for believing men) al-Walid and Salamah the sons of Hisham, 'Ayyash Ibn Rabi'ah and Abu Jandal Ibn Suhayl Ibn 'Amr (and believing women) in Mecca, (whom ye know not lest ye should tread them under foot) lest you should kill (and thus incur) because of killing (guilt for them) blood money and the sin of killing them; (unknowingly) without knowing that they were believers. if it were not for that, Allah would have set you on them to kill them; (that Allah might bring into His mercy) that Allah may honour with His religion (whom He will) whoever deserves it. (If (the believers and the disbelievers) had been clearly separated) if the believers had moved out from among the disbelievers (We verily had punished those of them who disbelieved) the disbelievers of Mecca (with painful punishment) with your swords.
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Al-Jalalayn Commentary
They are the ones who disbelieved and barred you from the Sacred Mosque that is barred you from reaching it and prevented the offering wa’l-hadya is a supplement to the suffixed pronoun –kum ‘you’ of saddūkum ‘they barred you’ which was detained ma‘kūfan is a circumstantial qualifier from reaching its destination that is from the place at which it is customarily sacrificed namely the Sanctuary itself an yablugha mahillahu is an inclusive substitution. And were it not for some of the believing men and believing women being present at Mecca alongside the disbelievers whom you did not know to be believers — lest you should trample them that is to say lest you should slay them together with the disbelievers had you been given permission to embark on the conquest an tata’ūhum is an inclusive substitution for –hum ‘them’ of lam ta‘lamūhum ‘whom you did not know’ and thus incur sin on account of them without your knowing it … the third person pronouns in both groups of people predominantly imply males; the response to lawlā ‘were it not’ has been omitted through ellipsis being something along the lines of la-udhina lakum fī’l-fathi ‘you would have been permitted to embark on the conquest’ but permission for this was not given at the time so that God may admit into His mercy whom He will such as those believers mentioned. Had they been clearly separated had they the believers been distinguishable from the disbelievers We would have surely chastised the disbelievers among them of the people of Mecca immediately thereat by permitting you to go ahead with the conquest thereof with a painful chastisement.