Tafsir Al-Jalalayn: At-Tawba, Ayah 48
لَقَدِ ٱبْتَغَوُا۟ ٱلْفِتْنَةَ مِن قَبْلُ وَقَلَّبُوا۟ لَكَ ٱلْأُمُورَ حَتَّىٰ جَآءَ ٱلْحَقُّ وَظَهَرَ أَمْرُ ٱللَّهِ وَهُمْ كَٰرِهُونَ
They had already desired dissension before and had upset matters for you until the truth came and the ordinance of Allah appeared, while they were averse.
Common Words
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(Aforetime) before the battle of Tabuk (they sought to cause sedition) they sought to cause you evil things (and raised difficulties for you) right and left (till the Truth came) until the believers became many (and the decree of Allah) the religion of Allah: Islam (was made manifest, though they were loth) of it.
Al-Jalalayn Commentary
Indeed they sought to stir up sedition against you already before when you first came to Medina and scrutinised your affairs that is they thought long and hard how to plot against you and invalidate your religion until the truth the victorious help came and God’s command His religion prevailed stood mighty they still being averse to it His religion entering it superficially.