Tafsir Al-Jalalayn: At-Tawba, Ayah 8
كَيْفَ وَإِن يَظْهَرُوا۟ عَلَيْكُمْ لَا يَرْقُبُوا۟ فِيكُمْ إِلًّۭا وَلَا ذِمَّةًۭ ۚ يُرْضُونَكُم بِأَفْوَٰهِهِمْ وَتَأْبَىٰ قُلُوبُهُمْ وَأَكْثَرُهُمْ فَٰسِقُونَ
How [can there be a treaty] while, if they gain dominance over you, they do not observe concerning you any pact of kinship or covenant of protection? They satisfy you with their mouths, but their hearts refuse [compliance], and most of them are defiantly disobedient.
Common Words
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كيف1x
وإن1x
يظهروا1x
عليكم1x
لا1x
يرقبوا1x
فيكم1x
إلا1x
ولا1x
ذمة1x
يرضونكم1x
بأفوههم1x
وتأبى1x
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وأكثرهم1x
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(How) this is also said by way of astonishment: how can there be any treaty between you and them (when, if they have the upper hand of you) they were to conquer you, (they regard no pact) they would have no regard for the ties of kinship relating you ; it is also said: they would have no regard for you in respect of Allah (nor honour about you?) because of the treaty between you. (They satisfy you with their mouths) with their tongues (the while their hearts refuse) while their hearts are averse to it. (And most of them) all of them (are wrong-doers) breakers of treaties.
Al-Jalalayn Commentary
How can they have a pact when if they get the better of you if they have the upper hand over you they do not respect they do not take into consideration any bond kinship or treaty pact with regard to you but will instead harm you as much as they can the conditional sentence ‘if they …’ is also a circumstantial qualifier pleasing you with their tongues with charming words while their hearts refuse to be true to these words; and most of them are wicked violators of pacts.