Tafsir Ibn Abbas: Al-Ahzaab, Ayah 5

Al-Ahzaab · Ayah 5 · View Ayah
ٱدْعُوهُمْ لِءَابَآئِهِمْ هُوَ أَقْسَطُ عِندَ ٱللَّهِ ۚ فَإِن لَّمْ تَعْلَمُوٓا۟ ءَابَآءَهُمْ فَإِخْوَٰنُكُمْ فِى ٱلدِّينِ وَمَوَٰلِيكُمْ ۚ وَلَيْسَ عَلَيْكُمْ جُنَاحٌۭ فِيمَآ أَخْطَأْتُم بِهِۦ وَلَٰكِن مَّا تَعَمَّدَتْ قُلُوبُكُمْ ۚ وَكَانَ ٱللَّهُ غَفُورًۭا رَّحِيمًا
Call them by [the names of] their fathers; it is more just in the sight of Allah. But if you do not know their fathers - then they are [still] your brothers in religion and those entrusted to you. And there is no blame upon you for that in which you have erred but [only for] what your hearts intended. And ever is Allah Forgiving and Merciful.

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Ibn Abbas Commentary

(Proclaim their real parentage) name them in relation to their real fathers. (That will be more equitable) better, more correct and fairer (in the sight of Allah) in relation to lineage. (And if ye know not their fathers) if you do not know the lineage of their fathers, (then (they are) your brethren in the faith) name them with names showing brotherhood in faith: 'Abdullah, 'Abd al-Rahman, 'Abd al-Rahim and 'Abd al-Raziq, (and your clients) and name them as your clients. (And there is no sin for you in the mistakes that ye make unintentionally) regarding the identification of one's parentage, (but what your hearts purpose (that will be a sin for you)) what is a sin for you is to attribute intentionally someone to other than his real father. (Allah is Forgiving) of what was done in the past, (Merciful) in relation to what will happen in the future. This verse was revealed about Zayd Ibn Harithah who was adopted by the Prophet (pbuh). People used to call him Zayd Ibn Muhammad, but Allah forbade them from calling him so and guided them to what is proper.

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Instead attribute them to their true fathers. That is more equitable that is more just in the sight of God. If you do not know their true fathers then they are your brethren in religion and as your associates. And you would not be at fault for any mistake you make in this respect except in what your hearts may premeditate after the prohibition has been issued. And God is Forgiving of whatever you said before the prohibition was issued Merciful to you in this respect.

Related Hadiths

Jami` at-Tirmidhi#3911Da'if

"We called Zaid bin Harithah nothing but 'Zaid bin Muhammad' until the Qur'an was revealed (ordering): Call them by their fathers, that is more just according to Allah. (33:5)"

Narrated by Narrated Ibn 'Umar:
Sahih Muslim#6104Sahih

We were in the habit of calling Zaid b. Harith as Zaid b. Muhammad until it was revealed in the Qur'an:" Call them by the names of their fathers. This is more equitable with Allah" (This hadith has be...

Narrated by Salim b. 'Abdullah reported on the authority of his father:
Sahih al-Bukhari#4576Sahih

We used not to call Zaid bin Haritha the freed slave of Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) except Zaid bin Muhammad till the Qu'anic Verse was revealed: "Call them (adopted sons) by (the names of) their fathers. ...

Narrated by Narrated `Abdullah bin `Umar:
Jami` at-Tirmidhi#3293Hasan

"We called Zaid bin Harithah nothing but 'Zaid bin Muhammad' until the Qur'an was revealed (saying): 'Call them by their fathers, that is more just according to Allah (33:5).'"

Narrated by Narrated Ibn 'Umar:
Sahih Muslim#6091Sahih

BY Allah, both fathers of yours are amongst those who have been men. tioned in this verse:" Those who responded to the call of Allah and the Messenger after the misfortune had fallen upon thein".

Narrated by Hisham reported on the authority of his father ('Urwa b. Zubair) that A'isha said:
Jami` at-Tirmidhi#2013Da'if

"Allah has made some of your brothers as slaves under your care. So whoever has his brother under his care, then let him feed him from his food, and let him clothe him from his clothes. And do not giv...

Narrated by Abu Dharr narrated that the Messenger of Allah said :
Sahih al-Bukhari#6522Sahih

The Prophet (ﷺ) said, "Do not deny your fathers (i.e. claim to be the sons of persons other than your fathers), and whoever denies his father, is charged with disbelief."

Narrated by Narrated Abu Huraira:
Jami` at-Tirmidhi#2462Hasan

"When a man becomes the brother of another man,then let him ask him about his name and his father's name and who he is,for indeed it shall nurture affection."

Narrated by Yazid bin Nu'amah Ad-Dabbi narrated that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said:
Sunan Abu Dawud#4950Da'if

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: On the Day of Resurrection you will be called by your names and by your father's names, so give yourselves good names.

Narrated by Narrated AbudDarda':
Sunan Abu Dawud#4952Hasan Sahih

The Prophet (ﷺ) said: Call yourselves by the names of the Prophets. The names dearest to Allah are Abdullah and AbdurRahman, the truest are Harith and Hammam, and the worst are Harb and Murrah.

Narrated by Narrated AbuWahb al-Jushami:

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