Tafsir Ibn Abbas: Al-A'raaf, Ayah 142
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Tafsir
And We appointed read wa-wā‘adnā or wa-wa‘adnā for Moses thirty nights at the end of which We would speak to him after he has fasted during that period; that was the month of Dhū’l-Qa‘da. He completed the fast. But when it came to an end he disliked the bad odour of his mouth and so cleaned his teeth. God then commanded him to fast for another ten nights so that He may speak to him despite the odour in his mouth as God says and completed them with ten nights of Dhū’l-Hijja. Thus was the time appointed by his Lord concluded the time at which God had promised him to speak to him as forty arba‘īna is a circumstantial qualifier nights laylatan is for specification; and Moses said to his brother Aaron when he was departing to the Mount for the communion with his Lord ‘Succeed me be my deputy over my people and be righteous among them with regard to their affair and do not follow the way of the agents of corruption’ by consenting with them to acts of disobedience.
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Ibn Abbas Commentary
(And when We did appoint for Moses) to spend in the mountain (thirty nights (of solitude)) the month of the Dhu'l-Qa'dah, (and added to them ten) days from the month of Dhu'l-Hijjah, (and he completed the whole time appointed by his Lord of forty nights) as he promised; (and Moses said unto his brother: Take my place) be my deputy (among the people. Do right) enjoin them to do right, (and follow not the way of mischief-makers) by committing transgressions.