Tafsir Al-Jalalayn: Ar-Room, Ayah 2
غُلِبَتِ ٱلرُّومُ
The Byzantines have been defeated
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غلبت1x
ٱلروم1x
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(The Romans have been defeated) the Romans, who were people of the Book, were defeated by the Persians who were worshippers of fire.
Al-Jalalayn Commentary
The Byzantines — who are among the People of the Scripture — have been vanquished; the Persians vanquished them and they are not people of a scripture but worship graven images. The Meccan disbelievers rejoiced in this defeat of the Byzantines and said to the Muslims ‘We shall vanquish you as the Persians vanquished the Byzantines’;