Tafsir Al-Jalalayn: At-Tawba, Ayah 107
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Tafsir
(And as for those who chose) built (a place of worship) the reference here is to 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy, Jadd Ibn Qays, Mu'attib Ibn Qushayr and their friends, who were about 17 in number, (out of opposition) out of harm for the believers (and disbelief) in their hearts; standing firm in their disbelief, i.e. hypocrisy, (and in order to cause dissent among the believers) such that a party of the believers performed their prayers in their mosque and a party in the Mosque of the Messenger, (and as an outpost) waiting (for those who warred against Allah and His messenger) for those who disbelieved in Allah and his Messenger (aforetime) before them, referring here to Abu 'Amir, the monk, whom the Prophet (pbuh) called a sinner [fasiq], (they will surely swear: We purposed) by building the mosque (naught save good) save good for the believers so that those who miss the prayer in Quba' Mosque can pray therein. (Allah beareth witness) Allah knows (that they verily are liars) in their oaths.
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Al-Jalalayn Commentary
And among them those who have chosen a mosque — these were twelve men from among the hypocrites — by way of harm to cause distress for those of the mosque of Qubā’ and disbelief since they built it on the orders of the monk Abū ‘Āmir as a sanctuary for him so that whoever comes from his side may stay there he had gone to the Byzantine Emperor qaysar to bring troops to fight against the Prophet s and to cause division among the believers who pray in the mosque of Qubā’ by having some of these pray in their the hypocrites’ mosque and as an outpost an observation post for those who waged war against God and His Messenger before that is before it was built — meaning the above-mentioned Abū ‘Āmir — they will swear ‘We desired nothing by building it but to do good’ by way of kindness towards the poor in times of heavy rain or extreme heat and in order to provide a place of worship for the Muslims; and God bears witness that they are truly liars in this claim of theirs. They had asked the Prophet s to perform prayers in it and so the following was revealed