Tafsir Ibn Abbas: Aal-i-Imraan, Ayah 26
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When the Prophet s promised his community sovereignty over the lands of Persia and Byzantium the hypocrites said ‘How preposterous!’ and so the following was revealed Say ‘O God Master of the Kingdom you give the Kingdom to whom You will from among your creatures and seize the Kingdom from whom You will; You exalt whom You will by giving it the kingdom to him and You abase whom You will by seizing it from him; in Your hand in Your power is good that is as well as evil. You are Able to do all things.
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Ibn Abbas Commentary
(Say: O Allah!) say O Allah! Lead us to goodness (Owner of Sovereignty!) O Master of kings and Owner of sovereignty (Thou givest sovereignty unto whom Thou wilt) i.e. unto Muhammad and his followers, (and Thou withdrawest sovereignty from whom Thou wilt) i.e. from the people of Persia and Byzantium. (Thou exaltest whom Thou wilt) i.e. Muhammad (and Thou abasest whom Thou wilt) i.e. 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul, the people of Persia and the people of Byzantium. (In Thy hand is the good) exaltation, abasement, sovereignty, spoils, triumph and power. (Lo! Thou art Able to do all things) whether it is exaltation, abasement, sovereignty, spoils, triumph or power. This verse was revealed about 'Abdullah Ibn Ubayy Ibn Salul, the hypocrite, who said after the Conquest of Mecca: �How on earth can they have sovereignty over Persia and Byzantium?� It is also said that it was revealed about the Quraysh who said: �the king of Persia sleeps on couches made of silk brocade, if you are truly a prophet, show us your dominion?�