Tafsir Ibn Abbas: Al-Hashr, Ayah 7
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Tafsir
Whatever spoils God has given to His Messenger from the people of the towns such as al-Safrā’ Wādī al-Qurā and Yanbu‘ belong to God dispensing with it as He will and to the Messenger and to the near of kin the Prophet’s kin from among the Banū Hāshim and the Banū al-Muttālib and the orphans the orphaned children of Muslims those whose parents have died and who are impoverished and the needy those Muslims in need and the traveller the Muslim who may be cut off from all resources on a remote journey in other words they these spoils are the due of the Prophet s and those of the four categories divided up in the way that he used to where each category received a fifth of the fifth with the rest being his the Prophet’s so that these the spoils — this being the justification for the division of these spoils in this way do not kay-lā kay functions like lā with a following implied an sc. an-lā become a thing circulating handed round between the rich among you. And whatever the Messenger gives you of spoils or otherwise take it; and whatever he forbids you abstain from it. And fear God. Surely God is severe in retribution.
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Ibn Abbas Commentary
(That which Allah giveth as spoil unto His messenger from the people of the townships) of 'Uraynah, Qurayzah, Banu'l-Nadir, Fadak and Khaybar, (it is for Allah) specifically and there is nothing in it for you (and His messenger) the command of the Messenger of Allah (pbuh) regarding this is permissible, and this is why he made the spoils of Fadak and Khaybar an endowment for the needy people; it remained under his control during his lifetime, and after his death it came under the control of Abu Bakr al-Siddiq, and after him under 'Umar, 'Uthman and 'Ali respectively exactly as it was under the control of the Prophet (pbuh) and it remains so to this day. The Prophet (pbuh) also divided the spoils of Banu Qurayzah and Banu'l-Nadir on the poor from among the Emigrants (al-Muhajirun), he gave them according to their need and the need of their dependents (and for the near of kin) and he gave some of it to the needy among the Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib (and the orphans) and he gave some of it to the orphans, other than the orphans of Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib (and the needy) and gave some of it to the needy, other than the needy of the Banu 'Abd al-Muttalib (and the wayfarer) the guest and the passer-by, (that it become not a commodity) a division (between the rich among you) between the strong among you. (And whatsoever the messenger giveth you) of spoils, (take it) accept it; it is also said that this means: whatever the messenger commands you, act upon it. (And whatsoever he forbideth, abstain (from it). And keep your duty to Allah) fear Allah in that which He commanded you. (Lo! Allah is stern in reprisal) when He punishes; this is because they said to the Prophet (pbuh): �Take your share of the spoils and leave us to deal with the rest of it�.