Tafsir Ibn Abbas: Al-Mumtahana, Ayah 11

Al-Mumtahana · Ayah 11 · View Ayah
وَإِن فَاتَكُمْ شَىْءٌۭ مِّنْ أَزْوَٰجِكُمْ إِلَى ٱلْكُفَّارِ فَعَاقَبْتُمْ فَـَٔاتُوا۟ ٱلَّذِينَ ذَهَبَتْ أَزْوَٰجُهُم مِّثْلَ مَآ أَنفَقُوا۟ ۚ وَٱتَّقُوا۟ ٱللَّهَ ٱلَّذِىٓ أَنتُم بِهِۦ مُؤْمِنُونَ
And if you have lost any of your wives to the disbelievers and you subsequently obtain [something], then give those whose wives have gone the equivalent of what they had spent. And fear Allah, in whom you are believers.

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Ibn Abbas Commentary

(And if any of your wives have gone from you unto the disbelievers) with whom you do not have any treaty or pledge (and afterward ye have your turn (of triumph)) and afterward you obtain booty from the enemy, (then give unto those whose wives have gone) to the disbelievers (the like of that which they have spent) of dowry on their wives; this should be given before the fifth of the booty is taken out from it, (and keep your duty to Allah) fear Allah regarding that which He commands you (in whom ye are believers) true believers. There were just six women who left Islam and joined the disbelievers of Mecca, two of them were wives of 'Umar Ibn al-Khattab, Umm Salamah and Umm Kulthum Bint Jarul, and also Umm al-Hakam the daughter of Abu Sufyan who was the wife of 'Abbad Ibn Shaddad al-Fihri, and Fatimah Bint Abi Umayyah Ibn al-Mughirah and Buru' Bint 'Uqbah who was the wife of Shammas Ibn 'Uthman from the Banu Makhzum, and 'Abdah Bint 'Abd al-'Uzza Ibn Nadlah whose husband was 'Amr Ibn Wudd, and Hind Bint Abu Jahl Ibn Hisham whose husband was Hashim Ibn al-'Ass Ibn Wa'il al-Sahmi. The Prophet (pbuh) gave back to the husbands of these women the dowry they had spend on them.

Other Scholars on This Ayah

Tafsir

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Scholars offer complementary perspectives

And if you lose any of your wives that is to say if you lose one or more of them — or it means if you lose anything of their dowries — by their going to the disbelievers as apostates and so you retaliate you embark upon a raid and capture spoils from them then give those whose wives have gone from the spoils the like of what they have expended for their having lost it to the disbelievers. And fear God in Whom you believe. And indeed the believers did what they had been commanded to do in the way of paying back the disbelievers the dowries of their former wives and the believers the dowries of the women who had apostatised. Afterwards however this stipulation was annulled.

Related Hadiths

Sahih Muslim#3413Sahih

" Your wives are your ti'Ith; go then unto your tilth, as you may desire."

Narrated by Jabir (b. Abdullah) (Allah be pleased with him) reported that the Jews used to say that when one comes to one's wife through the vagina, but being on her back, and she becomes pregnant, the child has a squint. So the verse came down:
Sahih al-Bukhari#4703Sahih

If someone says to his wife, "You are unlawful to me." he must make an expiation (for his oath). Ibn `Abbas added: There is for you in Allah's Messenger (ﷺ), an excellent example to follow.

Narrated by Narrated Ibn `Abbas:
Sunan an-Nasa'i#3197Sahih

"The sanctity of the wives of the Mujahidin to those who stay behind is like the sanctity of their mothers. There is no man among those who stay behind who takes on the responsibility of looking after...

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Sunan an-Nasa'i#3195Sahih

"The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said: 'The sanctity of the wives of the Mujahidin to those who stay behind is like the sanctity of their mothers. There is no man who takes on the responsibility of looking...

Narrated by It was narrated from Sulaiman bin Buraidah that his father said:
Sunan an-Nasa'i#3196Sahih

"The sanctity of the wive of the Mujahidin to those who stay behind is like the sanctity of their mothers. If he takes on the responsibility of looking after his wife then betrays him, it will be said...

Narrated by It was narrated from Sulaiman bin Buraidah, from his father, that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:
Sahih al-Bukhari#56Sahih

Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) said, "You will be rewarded for whatever you spend for Allah's sake even if it were a morsel which you put in your wife's mouth."

Narrated by Narrated Sa'd bin Abi Waqqas:
Sahih Muslim#3621Sahih

Your account is with Allah. One of you must be a liar. You have now no right over this woman. He said: Messenger of Allah, what about my wealth (dower that I paid her at the time of marriage)? He said...

Narrated by Ibn Umar (Allah be pleased with them) reported Allah's Messenger (ﷺ) saying to the invokers of curse:
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The Prophet (ﷺ) said to those who were involved in a case of Lian, "Your accounts are with Allah. One of you two is a liar. You (husband) have right on her (wife)." The husband said, "My money, O All...

Narrated by Narrated Ibn `Umar:
Sunan Abu Dawud#1686

A’ishah reported The Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) as saying When a woman gives (some of the property) from her husband’s house, not wasting it, she will have her reward for what she has spent, and her husba...

Sunan an-Nasa'i#2544Sahih

"When a woman give charity from her husband's house, she will have a reward, and her husband will have a similar reward, and the storekeeper will have a similar reward, without the reward of any of th...

Narrated by It was narrated from 'Aishah that the Prophet said:

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