إِنَّ ٱلَّذِينَ تَوَلَّوْا۟ مِنكُمْ يَوْمَ ٱلْتَقَى ٱلْجَمْعَانِ إِنَّمَا ٱسْتَزَلَّهُمُ ٱلشَّيْطَٰنُ بِبَعْضِ مَا كَسَبُوا۟ ۖ وَلَقَدْ عَفَا ٱللَّهُ عَنْهُمْ ۗ إِنَّ ٱللَّهَ غَفُورٌ حَلِيمٌۭ
Innal lazeena tawallaw minkum yawmal taqal jam'aani innamas tazallahumush Shaitaanu biba'di maa kasaboo wa laqad 'afal laahu 'anhum; innnal laaha Ghafoorum Haleem
Indeed, those of you who turned back on the day the two armies met, it was Satan who caused them to slip because of some [blame] they had earned. But Allah has already forgiven them. Indeed, Allah is Forgiving and Forbearing.
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3:155Ayah 1200
20 ayahs in Aal-i-Imraan are strongly about mercy and forgiveness. This is one of them.
← Previous on Mercy & forgiveness3:152And Allah had certainly fulfilled His promise to you when you were killing the enemy by His permission until [the time] when you lost courage and fell to…Next on Mercy & forgiveness →3:157And if you are killed in the cause of Allah or die - then forgiveness from Allah and mercy are better than whatever they accumulate [in this world].
Tafsir
Scholars largely agree on this ayah
Truly those of you who turned away from the battle the day the two hosts the Muslim host and that of the disbelievers encountered each other at Uhud the Muslims with the exception of twelve men — truly Satan made them slip with his evil insinuations through some of what they had earned of sins namely when they disobeyed the Prophet’s command; but God pardoned them; God is Forgiving to believers Forbearing hastening not against the disobedient with punishment.
Related Hadiths
Perhaps Allah, and Ibn Sinan’s version has : Allah looked at the participants of the battle of Badr (with mercy) and said : Do whatever you wish ; I have forgiven you.
When it was the day of Uhud, the pagans were defeated. Then Satan, Allah's Curse be upon him, cried
loudly, "O Allah's Worshippers, beware of what is behind!" On that, the front files of the (Muslim)
forces turned their backs and started fighting with the back files. Hudhaifa looked, and on seeing his
father Al-Yaman, he shouted, "O Allah's Worshippers, my father, my father!" But by Allah, they did
not stop till they killed him. Hudhaifa said, "May Allah forgive you." (The sub-narrator, `Urwa, said,
"By Allah, Hudhaifa continued asking Allah's Forgiveness for the killers of his father till he departed
to Allah (i.e. died).")
"When it was the day of (the battle of) Uhud, the pagans were defeated. Then Satan shouted, "O
Allah's worshipers! Beware of what is behind you!" So the front files attacked the back files of the
army. Hudhaifa looked, and behold, there was his father, Al-Yaman (being attacked) ! He shouted (to
his companions), "O Allah's worshipers, my father, my father!" But by Allah, they did not stop till
they killed him (i.e., Hudhaifa's father). Hudhaifa said, "May Allah forgive you." (`Urwa said,
Hudhaifa continued asking Allah's Forgiveness for the killer of his father till he died.
When the pagans were defeated during the (first stage) of the battle of Uhud, Satan shouted, "O
Allah's slaves! Beware of what is behind you!" So the front files of the Muslims attacked their own
back files. Hudhaifa bin Al-Yaman looked and on seeing his father he shouted: "My father! My
father!" By Allah! The people did not stop till they killed his father. Hudhaifa then said, "May Allah
forgive you." `Urwa (the sub-narrator) added, "Hudhaifa continued asking Allah forgiveness for the
killers of his father till he met Allah (till he died).
On the day (of the battle) of Uhud when the pagans were defeated, Satan shouted, "O slaves of Allah!
Beware of the forces at your back," and on that the Muslims of the front files fought with the Muslims
of the back files (thinking they were pagans). Hudhaifa looked back to see his father "Al-Yaman,"
(being attacked by the Muslims). He shouted, "O Allah's Slaves! My father! My father!" By Allah,
they did not stop till they killed him. Hudhaifa said, "May Allah forgive you." `Urwa said that
Hudhaifa continued to do good (invoking Allah to forgive the killer of his father till he met Allah (i.e.
died).
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