يَٰٓأَيُّهَا ٱلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوا۟ لَا تَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّذِينَ كَفَرُوا۟ وَقَالُوا۟ لِإِخْوَٰنِهِمْ إِذَا ضَرَبُوا۟ فِى ٱلْأَرْضِ أَوْ كَانُوا۟ غُزًّۭى لَّوْ كَانُوا۟ عِندَنَا مَا مَاتُوا۟ وَمَا قُتِلُوا۟ لِيَجْعَلَ ٱللَّهُ ذَٰلِكَ حَسْرَةًۭ فِى قُلُوبِهِمْ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ يُحْىِۦ وَيُمِيتُ ۗ وَٱللَّهُ بِمَا تَعْمَلُونَ بَصِيرٌۭ
Yaaa ayyuhul lazeena aamanoo laa takoonoo kallazeena kafaroo wa qaaloo li ikhwaanihim izaa daraboo fil ardi aw kaanoo ghuzzal law kaanoo 'indanaa maa maatoo wa maa qutiloo liyaj'alal laahu zaalika hasratan fee quloobihim; qallaahu yuhyee wa yumeet; wallaahu bimaa ta'maloona Baseer
O you who have believed, do not be like those who disbelieved and said about their brothers when they traveled through the land or went out to fight, "If they had been with us, they would not have died or have been killed," so Allah makes that [misconception] a regret within their hearts. And it is Allah who gives life and causes death, and Allah is Seeing of what you do.

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Tafsir

75%65%59%Al-JalalaynIbn AbbasIbn Kathir
Scholars largely agree on this ayah

O you who believe be not as the disbelievers that is as the hypocrites who say of their brothers that is regarding their affair when they travel in the land and then die or are on raiding campaigns ghuzzan ‘a raiding party’ is the plural of ghāzin and are then slain ‘Had they been with us they would not have died and would not have been slain’ in other words do not say as they say — so that God may make that saying of theirs as a conclusion of their affair anguish in their hearts. For God gives life and He gives death and so no staying put can prevent death and God sees what you do ta‘malūna or ya‘malūna ‘they do’ and He will requite you for it.

Related Hadiths

Sunan Abu Dawud #2521Narrated Abdullah ibn Abbas:Sahih
The Prophet (ﷺ) said: When your brethren were smitten at the battle of Uhud, Allah put their spirits in the crops of green birds which go down to the rivers of Paradise, eat its fruit and nestle in lamps of gold in the shade of the Throne. Then when they experienced the sweetness of their food, drink and rest, they asked: Who will tell our brethren about us that we are alive in Paradise provided with provision, in order that they might not be disinterested in jihad and recoil in war? Allah Most High said: I shall tell them about you; so Allah sent down; "And do not consider those who have been killed in Allah's path." till the end of the verse.
Sunan Ibn Majah #3680It was narrated from Ibn ‘Umar that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:Da'if
“Woe to you! Do not turn back into disbelievers after I am gone, striking one another’s necks.”
Sunan an-Nasa'i #3165It was narrated from Kathir bin Murrah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:Hasan
"There is no soul on Earth that dies, and is in a good position before Allah, that would like to come back to you, even if it had all this world, except the one who is killed (in the cause of Allah); he wishes that he could come back and be killed again."
Sunan an-Nasa'i #3170It was narrated from Al-'Irbad bin Sariyah that the Messenger of Allah (ﷺ) said:Sahih
"The martyrs and those who dies in their beds referred a dispute to our Lord concerning those who dies of the plague. The martyrs said: 'Our brothers were killed as we were killed.' And those who dies in their beds said: 'Our brothers dies on their beds as we died.' Our Lord said: 'Look at their wounds; if their wounds; if their wounds are like the wounds of those who were killed then they are of them and belong with them.' And their wounds were like their (the martyrs') wounds."
Sunan Ibn Majah #2537It was narrated from ‘Abdullah concerning the Verse:Sahih
“Think not of those as dead who are killed in the way of Allah. Nay, they are alive, with their Lord, and they have provision,” that he said: “We asked about that, and (the Prophet (ﷺ)) said: ‘Their souls are like green birds that fly wherever they wish in Paradise, then they come back to lamps suspended from the Throne. While they were like that, your Lord looked at them and said, “Ask me for whatever you want.” They said: “O Lord, what should we ask You for when we can fly wherever we wish in Paradise?” When they saw that they would not be left alone until they had asked for something, they said: “We ask You to return our souls to our bodies in the world so that we may fight for Your sake (again).” When He saw that they would not ask for anything but that, they were left alone.’”

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About Quran 3:156