۞ أَلَمْ يَأْنِ لِلَّذِينَ ءَامَنُوٓا۟ أَن تَخْشَعَ قُلُوبُهُمْ لِذِكْرِ ٱللَّهِ وَمَا نَزَلَ مِنَ ٱلْحَقِّ وَلَا يَكُونُوا۟ كَٱلَّذِينَ أُوتُوا۟ ٱلْكِتَٰبَ مِن قَبْلُ فَطَالَ عَلَيْهِمُ ٱلْأَمَدُ فَقَسَتْ قُلُوبُهُمْ ۖ وَكَثِيرٌۭ مِّنْهُمْ فَٰسِقُونَ
Alam yaani laillzeena aamanooo an takhsha'a quloo buhum lizikril laahi wa maa nazala minal haqqi wa laa yakoonoo kallazeena ootul Kitaaba min qablu fataala 'alaihimul amadu faqasat quloobuhum wa kaseerum minhum faasiqoon
Has the time not come for those who have believed that their hearts should become humbly submissive at the remembrance of Allah and what has come down of the truth? And let them not be like those who were given the Scripture before, and a long period passed over them, so their hearts hardened; and many of them are defiantly disobedient.

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Tafsir

76%61%62%Al-JalalaynIbn AbbasIbn Kathir
Scholars largely agree on this ayah

Is it not time for those who believe — this was revealed concerning the matter of the Companions of the Prophet who had been overindulging in jest that their hearts should be humbled to the remembrance of God and to what has been revealed read as nuzzila; or read nazala ‘what has come down’ of the truth the Qur’ān and that they should not be lā yakūnū is a supplement to takhsha‘a ‘be humbled’ like those who were given the Scripture before? namely the Jews and the Christians. For the stretch of time the interval extending from them back to the time of the sending of the last of their prophets was too long for them and so their hearts became hardened unyielding to the remembrance of God and many of them are immoral.

Related Hadiths

Sunan Ibn Majah #3930‘Amir bin ‘Abdullah bin Zubair narrated that his father told him that there was no more than four years between their becoming Muslim and the revelation of this Verse, by which Allah reprimanded them:Sahih
“Lest they become as those who received the Scripture before, and the term was prolonged for them and so their hearts were hardened? And many of them were rebellious.”
Sahih Muslim #7356Ibn Mas'ud said:Sahih
Since our acceptance of Islam and the revelation of this verse in which Allah has shown annoyance to us:" Has not the time yet come for the believers that their hearts should be humble for the remembrance of Allah?" (lvii. 16), there was a gap of four years.
Jami` at-Tirmidhi #2481Ibn 'Umar narrated that the Messenger of Allah (s.a.w) said:Sahih
"Do not talk too much without remembrance of Allah. Indeed excessive talking without remembrance of Allah hardens the heart. And indeed the furthest of people from Allah is the harsh-hearted."
Sahih Muslim #89It is narrated on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah observed:Sahih
There have come the people of Yemen; they are tender of hearts, the belief is that of the Yemenites, the understanding (of the faith) is that of the Yemenites and sagacity is that of the Yemenites.
Sahih Muslim #97It is reporter on the authority of Abu Huraira that the Messenger of Allah (may peace and blessings be upon him) observed:Sahih
There came the people of Yemen who are soft of hearts, tender in feelings: the belief is that of the Yemenites, the sagacity is that of the Yemenites and the summit of unbelief is towards the East.

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About Quran 57:16